Common wheat bunt (Tilletia caries) can be controlled through a range of non-chemical seed treatment methods, including organic seed treatments, mechanical cleaning, and heat treatment. These approaches provide growers with alternative options for preventing the disease while supporting sustainable crop management practices.
One of the permitted methods is the use of biologically fermented household vinegar. The slightly acidic pH of vinegar inhibits the germination of bunt spores, helping to reduce infection risk. A vinegar solution with an acetic acid content of 4–5% is recommended and should be applied at a rate of 2 w/w%. After treatment, seeds should only be slightly damp, and any excess moisture should be removed through drying.
Another approved option is the use of mustard seed powder. For this treatment, 1.5 kg of mustard seed powder is mixed with 4.5 litres of water for every 100 kg of seed. This method offers an additional biological approach to seed protection against common wheat bunt.
Mechanical cleaning can also help reduce disease pressure. By using brushes to remove spores from the seed surface, growers can lower contamination levels. However, the process must be carried out carefully to avoid damaging the seed, and the brushes should be cleaned after each treatment batch to maintain effectiveness.
Heat treatment is another effective method for controlling common wheat bunt. However, it requires specialised equipment and careful application. If not performed correctly, heat treatment may impair seed germination and reduce seed moisture content, affecting seed quality.
These bio-based and physical treatment methods provide growers with several options for managing common wheat bunt and reducing disease risks before sowing. Their successful use depends on careful application and adherence to recommended treatment conditions.
